Software & Open Science
I am committed to open science — releasing the code, data, and tools behind my research so that results can be reproduced, built upon, and extended by the community. Below is a list of software packages and data releases I have contributed to.
1. VIMES — Visualization of Massive Evolving Stars
VIMES is an interactive visualization tool for massive evolving stars, developed by group member Laya Binu. The tool provides visual representations of stellar evolution tracks and properties, making it easier to explore and communicate how massive stars evolve over their lifetimes.
2. Stellar Winds Atlas & ARGUS Code
The Stellar Winds Atlas is an open data resource and interactive tool accompanying the Stellar Winds Atlas paper, providing a comprehensive atlas of stellar wind prescriptions and their impact on massive star evolution. Developed by group member Amedeo Romagnolo, with an accompanying interactive website at amedeorom.github.io/Stellar_Winds_Atlas.
3. The Software Citation Station
A tool that makes it easy to find and format proper citations for scientific software used in research. I conceived the research project idea and concept, contributed significant code, and developed the literature foundation behind the project. Tom Wagg (a student and collaborator in my group) was the lead developer. Published on Zenodo as v1.2.
4. Gravitational Wave Visualizations — Data Set
Data set and code accompanying gravitational-wave visualization projects, made publicly available for educational and outreach use.
5. Rates of Compact Object Coalescences — Data Set
Data set accompanying the paper Rates of Compact Object Coalescences, containing merger rate predictions across a broad range of stellar evolution model assumptions.
6. Mass Ratio Reversal Project — Data Set
Data set from the Mass Ratio Reversal project, containing binary population synthesis results investigating how binary evolution can flip the mass ordering of black hole binaries.
7. COMPAS Stellar Evolution Code
COMPAS (Compact Object Mergers: Population Astrophysics and Statistics) is a rapid binary population synthesis code for simulating the evolution of massive binary stars into compact object mergers. Published in the Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS).
8. Population Synthesis Simulation Data Sets
Several large data sets of population synthesis simulations of compact binary mergers (BHBH, BHNS, NSNS), generated with the COMPAS code. Publicly released to enable community comparisons and follow-up analyses.
9. STROOPWAFEL — Adaptive Importance Sampling for Rare Astrophysical Events
Code and data for STROOPWAFEL, a method to efficiently sample rare astrophysical events using adaptive importance sampling. The original version (2019) samples from up to 3 dimensions; a PyPI extension (2020) by L. Khandelwal & F.S. Broekgaarden extended this to 10 dimensions using generative adaptive importance sampling.
10. Cosmic Integration Tutorial
A tutorial on cosmic integration methods for gravitational-wave source population modeling, developed by group member Sasha Levina. The tutorial provides hands-on guidance for connecting binary population synthesis simulations with cosmological star formation histories to compute gravitational-wave merger rates.
11. BBH Merger Populations using Cosmic Star Formation Histories — Levina et al. 2026
Python software for modeling binary black hole merger populations using metallicity-dependent star formation rate densities extracted from IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations. Implements cosmic integration through COMPAS post-processing, enabling comparison of predictions using direct simulation data versus analytical fits. Accompanies the submitted ApJ paper examining how analytical star formation history models impact gravitational-wave source populations.
Public Data Sets
All public data releases on Zenodo, ordered newest to oldest.
BBH Merger Populations using Cosmic Star Formation Histories — Levina et al. 2026
Sasha Levina, Floor Broekgaarden, Lieke van Son, Emanuele Berti, Amedeo Romagnolo, Ruediger Pakmor, Ana Lam
Dataset from: Multi-messenger observations in the Einstein Telescope era
Alberto Colombo, Om Sharan Salafia, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Francesco Iacovelli, Michele Mancarella, Floor Broekgaarden, Lara Nava, Bruno Giacomazzo, Monica Colpi
Dataset from: Multi-messenger prospects for black hole–neutron star mergers in the O4 and O5 runs
Alberto Colombo, Raphaël Duque, Om Sharan Salafia, Floor S. Broekgaarden, Francesco Iacovelli, Michele Mancarella, Igor Andreoni, Francesco Gabrielli, Fabio Ragosta, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Tassos Fragos, Andrew J. Levan, Silvia Piranomonte, Andrea Melandri, Bruno Giacomazzo, Monica Colpi
Gravitational Wave Visualization & Detection Number Code
Floor Broekgaarden
Data set from: Rates of Compact Object Coalescences
Floor Broekgaarden, Ilya Mandel
Data set from: Mass Ratio Reversal Project
Floor Broekgaarden
DCO Formation Channels
Floor Broekgaarden
Rates of Formation Channels
Floor Broekgaarden
PhD Thesis Figures
Floor Broekgaarden
Double-Compact-Object Mergers — Paper II Data
Floor Broekgaarden
COMPAS: A Rapid Binary Population Synthesis Suite
Jeff Riley, Poojan Agrawal, Jim Barrett, Kristan Boyett, Floor Broekgaarden, et al. (COMPAS Collaboration)
BHBH Simulations — Impact of Massive Binary Star and Cosmic Evolution on Gravitational Wave Observations II
Floor Broekgaarden
Dataset from: Gravitational Wave Sources in Our Galactic Backyard
Tom Wagg, Floor Broekgaarden, Selma de Mink, Neige Frankel, Lieke van Son, Stephen Justham
STROOPWAFEL — Data from: Simulating Rare Outcomes from Astrophysical Populations
Floor S. Broekgaarden