Combined table of simulated intrinsic merger rates, formation channel fractions, and model assumptions for BH–BH, BH–NS, and NS–NS binaries from over 200 population-synthesis rates. Channel fractions are evaluated at redshift z = 0. Cell shading for each channel uses its own color and scales with the fraction value. Click any column header to sort. Use the toggles to hide/show column groups. Paper column and model names link to the source paper.

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Showing 129 of 129 models ⬇ Download CSV 📋 More Details
CHE (no MT): chemically homogeneous evolution
classic SMT (SMT+SMT): stable mass transfer, no CE
other without CE: other non-CE channels
classic CE (SMT+CE): stable MT then common-envelope
single-core CE (SCCE): one evolved star in CE
double-core CE (DCCE): both cores in CE simultaneously
other with CE: other CE channels
—: not reported / zero
PaperModelSimulation ParametersInitial ConditionsBH–BH Formation ChannelsBH–NS Formation ChannelsNS–NS Formation Channels
σ
[km/s]
σ strippedα CEβCE opt/pessCE prescrip.λPISNMT stabilityRMPγ
(AM loss)
AM loss
mechanism
Edd.
limited
f_WRα CE notesHG donor
CE surv.
wind
prescription
tidal
prescription
NS remnant
mass
IMFperiod
dist.
mass ratio
dist.
f_binmetallicity
range
SFR / SFRD
model
max NS
mass [M☉]
σ ECSN
[km/s]
Total Rate
[Gpc⁻³yr⁻¹]
CHE
(no MT)
classic SMT
(SMT+SMT)
other
without CE
classic CE
(SMT+CE)
single-core CE
(SCCE)
double-core CE
(DCCE)
other
with CE
without
common envelope
with
common envelope
Total Rate
[Gpc⁻³yr⁻¹]
CHE
(no MT)
classic SMT
(SMT+SMT)
other
without CE
classic CE
(SMT+CE)
single-core CE
(SCCE)
double-core CE
(DCCE)
other
with CE
without
common envelope
with
common envelope
Total Rate
[Gpc⁻³yr⁻¹]
CHE
(no MT)
classic SMT
(SMT+SMT)
other
without CE
classic CE
(SMT+CE)
single-core CE
(SCCE)
double-core CE
(DCCE)
other
with CE
without
common envelope
with
common envelope
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha0-2265300.20non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…137.6017.9%82.1%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha0-35265300.35non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…41.8058.9%41.1%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha0-5265300.50non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…45.0054.7%45.3%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha0-75265300.75non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…54.2045.4%54.6%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha1265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…67.2036.6%63.4%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha2265302.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…59.6041.3%58.7%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-alpha5265305.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…47.3052.0%48.0%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-eddington-1E3265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretoradjusted1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…66.6035.3%64.7%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-eddington-1E5265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretoradjusted1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…44.508.3%91.7%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-eddington-1E9265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretoradjusted1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…38.800.5%99.5%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-logU-SanaPrior265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…96.4024.0%76.0%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-logU-noRLOFatZAMS265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…103.3024.0%76.0%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-noRLOFatZAMS265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…87.2036.0%64.0%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-qcrit-Belczynski265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…55.8056.1%43.9%
Bavera et al. (2021)B21-qcrit-Claeys265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH); 10x thermal rate for stellar accretorpessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…fit based on Marchant et …The stability of Roche-lo…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTrue1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…30 (low-kick ch…169.7070.0%30.0%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-A-fiducial265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…39.1649.5%3.1%38.2%7.8%1.4%52.6%47.4%44.816.0%4.6%81.5%7.4%0.5%10.6%89.4%25.650.6%26.2%0.0%73.2%0.0%0.6%99.4%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-B-beta0-25265301.000.25pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…33.6643.2%6.0%46.6%4.2%49.1%50.9%17.6041.4%11.1%32.7%14.8%52.5%47.5%20.670.1%7.2%92.7%7.3%92.7%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-C-beta0-5265301.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…37.6064.0%4.9%25.5%5.7%68.9%31.1%10.4846.6%21.1%4.6%27.7%67.7%32.3%22.001.9%98.0%0.0%0.1%1.9%98.1%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-D-beta0-75265301.000.75pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…45.1076.5%3.0%14.2%6.0%0.3%79.5%20.5%5.735.2%36.6%1.6%54.8%1.9%41.8%58.2%39.290.7%50.3%49.0%0.0%0.7%99.3%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-E-unstableBB265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…39.1350.0%3.1%38.0%7.6%1.3%53.1%46.9%8.7312.0%9.1%69.8%9.1%0.1%21.1%78.9%0.3096.4%3.6%100.0%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-F-unstableBB-optimistic265301.00thermaloptimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …Yes (optimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…89.0224.0%1.7%70.4%3.4%0.6%0.0%25.7%74.3%36.0342.3%4.9%48.6%4.2%0.0%0.0%47.2%52.8%37.253.3%1.0%87.8%0.0%7.8%4.3%95.7%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-G-alpha0-1265300.10thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…22.2287.8%1.4%10.0%0.7%0.0%89.3%10.7%2.7194.5%0.5%4.0%0.3%0.8%95.0%5.0%42.130.0%99.8%0.2%0.0%100.0%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-H-alpha0-5265300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…33.5058.4%3.9%30.6%6.7%0.4%62.3%37.7%11.4924.2%8.6%54.8%12.2%0.2%32.8%67.2%12.340.7%90.5%8.8%0.7%99.3%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-I-alpha2265302.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…52.1937.6%2.4%45.8%9.1%5.1%40.0%60.0%46.136.2%2.0%72.8%14.3%4.8%8.1%91.9%51.700.2%22.2%0.3%77.4%0.0%0.2%99.8%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-J-alpha102653010.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…29.9165.2%0.4%14.8%13.3%6.3%0.0%65.6%34.4%17.8216.7%0.7%29.4%50.9%2.3%17.4%82.6%54.810.1%0.1%57.4%9.5%32.6%0.3%0.2%99.8%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-K-optimisticCE265301.00thermaloptimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …Yes (optimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…88.0023.8%1.6%70.5%3.4%0.6%0.1%25.4%74.6%56.6213.3%4.2%76.2%5.9%0.4%0.1%17.5%82.5%45.403.2%4.2%51.3%0.0%41.1%0.1%7.4%92.6%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-L-rapid265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) rapid…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…40.5354.5%1.6%37.7%5.4%0.9%56.1%43.9%122.652.4%1.3%92.9%3.3%0.1%3.7%96.3%22.990.6%30.3%0.0%69.0%0.0%0.6%99.4%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-M-max-mNS:2265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…46.5643.2%4.0%43.4%7.8%1.7%47.2%52.8%38.386.3%4.0%81.4%7.4%1.0%10.3%89.7%25.030.4%25.9%0.0%73.7%0.0%0.4%99.6%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-N-max-mNS:3265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…34.5954.5%2.8%34.1%7.4%1.2%57.3%42.7%48.475.9%4.8%81.2%7.6%0.4%10.7%89.3%26.210.4%0.5%26.5%0.2%72.4%0.0%0.9%99.1%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-O-noPISN265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingno PISNzeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…39.2349.8%3.1%38.0%7.7%1.4%52.9%47.1%43.946.0%4.6%81.6%7.3%0.5%10.6%89.4%25.310.6%26.2%0.0%73.2%0.0%0.6%99.4%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-P-sigma:1001001001.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…45.0141.5%8.2%39.6%8.6%2.1%49.7%50.3%128.917.0%13.0%72.4%7.0%0.6%20.0%80.0%47.911.7%29.9%0.0%68.4%0.0%1.7%98.3%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-Q-sigma:3030301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…51.1433.8%9.4%46.3%8.4%2.1%43.2%56.8%249.251.7%21.8%71.9%4.3%0.4%23.5%76.5%118.239.6%61.4%0.0%29.0%0.0%9.6%90.4%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-R-noBHkick001.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…49.4835.1%0.4%53.6%8.7%2.2%35.4%64.6%197.073.2%0.0%91.5%4.9%0.3%3.3%96.7%25.650.5%27.3%0.0%72.2%0.0%0.5%99.5%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-S-fWR:0-1265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True0.1Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…94.7257.8%1.6%36.7%3.3%0.5%59.4%40.6%57.836.1%3.0%85.4%5.2%0.4%9.1%90.9%24.120.4%25.6%0.1%73.9%0.0%0.4%99.6%
Broekgaarden et al. (2022)B22-T-fWR:5265301.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …True5Standard CE energy formalism; …No (pessimistic; HG …Hot stars (Teff≥12500K): Vink …Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (fiducial; alter…30 (same Maxwel…11.0630.1%3.0%48.9%14.6%3.4%33.1%66.9%8.5215.5%22.9%29.6%29.7%2.3%38.4%61.6%23.850.8%72.0%0.0%27.2%0.0%0.8%99.2%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_0_1_beta0_25265300.100.25pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…71.597.5%5.4%45.2%41.9%58.1%45.720.8%3.6%95.3%4.7%38.4910.8%89.2%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_0_1_beta0_5265300.100.50pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…96.219.0%3.3%25.7%61.9%38.1%24.103.8%4.5%91.7%8.3%178.315.7%94.3%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_0_1_beta0_75265300.100.75pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…124.186.3%5.3%9.0%79.4%20.6%0.7947.5%26.2%25.2%74.8%267.680.0%7.5%92.5%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_0_5_beta0_25265300.500.25pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…80.328.5%16.9%0.0%39.2%35.4%64.6%50.4017.6%4.0%74.0%26.0%75.702.1%97.9%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_0_5_beta0_5265300.500.50pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…108.076.8%15.0%0.0%23.6%54.6%45.4%29.8118.3%5.1%76.1%23.9%132.133.7%96.3%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_0_5_beta0_75265300.500.75pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…135.444.9%11.4%0.0%12.0%71.6%28.4%11.7970.8%0.5%19.8%3.0%97.0%131.323.9%4.1%92.0%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_10_beta0_252653010.000.25pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…83.2219.5%14.7%0.0%28.3%37.5%62.5%111.0834.0%2.3%52.3%47.7%224.135.2%5.2%34.4%60.4%5.2%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_10_beta0_52653010.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…108.8012.3%12.7%0.0%19.4%55.7%44.3%95.6227.7%1.9%66.4%33.6%445.107.6%7.6%13.7%13.5%65.2%7.6%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_10_beta0_752653010.000.75pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…138.827.7%8.0%0.7%6.0%77.5%22.5%59.6284.5%1.4%2.7%2.9%97.1%507.444.0%4.0%20.8%13.6%61.6%4.0%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_2_beta0_25265302.000.25pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…154.5029.5%25.6%0.0%25.8%19.1%80.9%134.0932.6%8.0%31.2%68.8%166.770.0%0.0%0.6%25.0%74.3%0.1%99.9%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_2_beta0_5265302.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…177.3920.8%21.0%0.0%21.6%36.7%63.3%66.4039.8%10.2%46.4%53.6%80.040.1%0.1%4.6%17.7%77.7%0.1%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_alphaCE_2_beta0_75265302.000.75pessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…226.7217.0%12.1%0.9%12.1%57.9%42.1%47.5955.8%11.8%24.8%4.0%96.0%175.790.2%0.2%31.7%11.6%56.5%0.2%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_265_RMP_D265300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…95.3216.9%23.8%0.6%10.7%47.9%52.1%54.6347.3%1.3%17.1%20.0%80.0%80.0415.3%3.9%80.8%0.0%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_265_RMP_M265300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionMM SNspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…19.029.1%5.0%1.9%40.9%43.1%56.9%27.563.2%2.7%22.9%10.7%89.3%58.106.6%6.4%87.0%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_265_RMP_R265300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…139.3933.3%15.6%0.3%7.3%43.5%56.5%351.7412.6%0.2%5.5%11.8%88.2%55.4211.2%2.5%86.3%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_30_RMP_D30300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…237.9957.3%10.1%0.5%6.7%25.3%74.7%551.5015.6%0.4%28.9%2.7%97.3%485.660.1%0.1%4.3%5.4%90.3%0.1%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_30_RMP_M30300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionMM SNspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…433.4443.7%7.0%0.3%7.2%41.9%58.1%743.5022.1%1.5%11.9%1.5%98.5%299.511.8%3.9%94.3%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_30_RMP_R30300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…182.8559.3%5.9%0.1%4.0%30.7%69.3%596.3212.0%0.2%18.0%0.1%99.9%351.184.6%5.6%89.8%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_750_RMP_D750300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…33.4110.6%18.4%0.1%8.8%62.1%37.9%15.2444.7%1.0%12.5%0.7%99.3%69.455.8%7.5%86.7%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_750_RMP_M750300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionMM SNspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…0.601.8%5.4%2.3%74.6%15.9%84.1%3.690.9%21.7%9.8%1.1%98.9%53.156.3%3.2%90.5%100.0%
Boesky et al. (2024)Boesky_sigma_750_RMP_R750300.50thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingfit based on Marchant et …zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies per model; Nanjing …No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…82.6430.3%10.9%0.2%7.7%50.9%49.1%229.537.1%0.4%0.5%0.2%99.8%49.375.8%2.9%91.3%100.0%
Briel et al. (2022)Briel (2022)265265N/A (BPASS uses detailed stellar structure, not α-λ formalism)Hurley 2002N/A (BPASS)BPASSBPASSFarmer (2019) with additi…BPASSET04N/A (BPASS AM loss h…BPASSEddington …N/A (BPASS STAR…BPASS CE treated via detailed …N/A (BPASS does not …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…BPASS STARS code includes…Eldridge & Tout (2004…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) log-normal …Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.1, 1…0.55 (Sana et al. 20…Z = 10⁻⁵ to 0.04; 13 metallici…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (BPASS default; …265 (BPASS appl…6.506.4%45.3%13.9%86.2%
Briel et al. (2022)Briel (2022) - DELAYED265265N/A (BPASS uses detailed stellar structure, not α-λ formalism)Hurley 2002N/A (BPASS)BPASSBPASSFarmer (2019) with additi…BPASSF12 rapidN/A (BPASS AM loss h…BPASSEddington …N/A (BPASS STAR…BPASS CE treated via detailed …N/A (BPASS does not …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…BPASS STARS code includes…Eldridge & Tout (2004…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) log-normal …Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.1, 1…0.55 (Sana et al. 20…Z = 10⁻⁵ to 0.04; 13 metallici…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (BPASS default; …265 (BPASS appl…48.0010.9%35.4%14.6%85.3%
Briel et al. (2022)Briel (2022) - RAPID265265N/A (BPASS uses detailed stellar structure, not α-λ formalism)Hurley 2002N/A (BPASS)BPASSBPASSFarmer (2019) with additi…BPASSF12 delayedN/A (BPASS AM loss h…BPASSEddington …N/A (BPASS STAR…BPASS CE treated via detailed …N/A (BPASS does not …Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…BPASS STARS code includes…Eldridge & Tout (2004…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) log-normal …Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.1, 1…0.55 (Sana et al. 20…Z = 10⁻⁵ to 0.04; 13 metallici…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (BPASS default; …265 (BPASS appl…57.109.7%41.3%12.8%87.2%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1075αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…23.4059.0%41.0%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1031575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…30.207.9%92.1%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1131575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…47.804.4%95.6%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1231575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…28.008.6%91.4%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1331575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…70.3062.4%37.6%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1431575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…93.1078.7%21.3%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1531575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…89.6051.1%48.9%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M1631575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…101.7074.7%25.3%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M231575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…26.4038.6%61.4%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M331575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…19.1070.2%29.8%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M431575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…21.0043.3%56.7%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M531575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…67.3089.2%10.8%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M631575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…100.9088.1%11.9%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M731575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…59.5090.6%9.4%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M831575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.70pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed2.5isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…88.3087.7%12.3%
Dorozsmai & Toonen (2022)DT22-M931575αCE×λ = 0.05 (combined; α not stated separately in paper)0.30pessimisticstandardvariable (SeBa internal s…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayed1isotropic re-emission; γ param…True1alpha*lambda = 0.05No (pessimistic; SeB…de Jager et al. (1988); Vink e…Hut (1981) equilibrium ti…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); 1–10⁶…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ (0, 1] …1.0 (all stars assum…Solar metallicity (Z = 0.02) o…Not applicable (single-metalli…3.0 (SeBa default; F…75 (Verbunt, Ig…33.406.6%93.4%
Hendriks et al. (2023)Hendriks23265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardvariable (de Kool 1990 / …Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; standard CE energy fo…No (pessimistic; bin…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 0.03; multiple met…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (binary_c defaul…30 (low kick fo…25.0040.0%60.0%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-a265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…36.0011.9%25.8%74.2%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-b265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-2non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…24.0024.6%35.8%64.2%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-c265300.50non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…37.2016.1%35.2%64.8%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-d265302.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…55.6010.8%23.6%76.4%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-e265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE0.5αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…87.202.2%26.0%74.0%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-f265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE2αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…15.407.8%23.4%76.6%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-g45301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH; 10x thermal rate for stellar accretor)pessimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1non-conservative MT mass lost …TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…16.406.1%15.9%84.1%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-h750301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$F12 delayed-1specific AM of accretor (Hurle…TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…19.205.2%31.3%68.8%
Li et al. (2025)Li25-i265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)$q_{\rm{c}}$ GeF12 delayed-1specific AM of accretor (Hurle…TRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE (HG…No (pessimistic; MOB…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); MOBSE…Flat in q = M2/M1 (MOBSE / Gia…0.5 (MOBSE default; …Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (7 metall…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (MOBSE / Giacobb…30 (low kick; M…96.604.3%96.6%3.4%
Olejak et al. (2021)Olejak21-M380 (fiducial)2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjing-style (Dominik et…Farmer et al. (2019) / Be…zeta prescription (StarTr…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…For non-degenerate accretors, …We applied…1αCE=1.0; standard energy forma…No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) broken po…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0, 1] …0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02 (8 metallic…Strolger et al. (2004) / Madau…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …61.700.5%85.6%3.2%0.5%88.8%13.1077.1%
Olejak et al. (2021)Olejak21-M480 (changedCEcriteria)2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjing-style (Dominik et…Farmer et al. (2019) / Be…new type of stability bas…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…For non-degenerate accretors, …We applied…1αCE=1.0; standard energy forma…No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) broken po…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0, 1] …0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02 (8 metallic…Strolger et al. (2004) / Madau…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …88.4094.0%4.1%1.6%94.0%5.7%15.607.7%80.8%
Olejak et al. (2021)Olejak21-M481 (changedCEcriteria+switch)2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjing-style (Dominik et…Farmer et al. (2019) / Be…new type of stability bas…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…For non-degenerate accretors, …We applied…1αCE=1.0; standard energy forma…Switched (M481: CE c…Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) broken po…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0, 1] …0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02 (8 metallic…Strolger et al. (2004) / Madau…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …17.902.2%86.6%7.8%2.2%94.4%4.1073.2%
Pellouin et al. (2025)Pellouin25265201.00-1.00pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…pisn=-2 (default BSE trea…qcrit (qcflag=5, Neijssel…F12 rapid-2xi=0.5, gamma=-2; Bondi-Hoyle …TRUE (acc2…0.5Fragos et al. (2019); no exter…No (pessimistic; cem…Corrected BSE winds (windflag=…Hut (1981) / BSE equilibr…Fryer et al. (2012) rapid…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.5 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 9.5×10⁻⁵ to 0.014; 14 log-…Springel & Hernquist (2003…3.0 (mxns=3.0; COSMI…20 (sigmadiv=-2…298.0096.3%3.7%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-A-Fiducial2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …69.3496.1%0.1%3.3%0.5%99.5%15.0119.5%0.3%99.7%158.3599.8%0.2%0.0%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-A-Fiducial_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-B-RMAX22652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …63.8999.2%0.4%0.1%0.4%99.6%14.750.0%17.2%0.1%99.9%163.2099.7%0.3%0.0%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-B-RMAX2_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-C-RMAX32652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …43.6437.7%0.1%61.3%0.9%99.1%19.820.0%71.0%0.2%99.8%157.4499.8%0.2%0.0%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-C-RMAX3_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-D-RMAX42652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …21.8089.0%0.1%9.7%1.1%98.9%10.000.2%28.3%0.1%99.9%101.5999.7%0.3%0.0%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-D-RMAX4_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-E-RMAX4B2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …65.2696.7%0.1%2.9%0.3%99.7%15.860.0%15.7%0.1%99.9%160.1599.8%0.2%0.1%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2023)R23-E-RMAX4B_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-A-Fiducial2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …68.5494.6%4.3%1.1%98.9%13.3720.2%1.6%98.4%111.4099.9%0.0%0.1%99.9%
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-A-Fiducial_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-B-RMAX2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …63.4295.0%4.1%0.8%99.2%11.9618.1%1.5%98.5%113.3499.8%0.1%0.1%99.9%
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-B-RMAX_Optimistic2652651.000.50optimisticstandardNanjing (Dominik et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; optimistic CE (HG don…Yes (optimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-C-Conv_ML1.52652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …14.6095.5%0.3%4.2%95.8%12.340.5%2.4%97.6%53.8399.7%0.1%0.2%99.8%
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-D-Conv_ML1.5_RMAX2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …3.0979.0%15.2%0.3%5.5%94.5%12.531.0%0.1%1.3%98.7%2.4898.8%1.2%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-E-Conv_ML1.82_MLTpp2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …103.4996.0%0.3%3.6%0.0%100.0%12.640.8%6.6%100.0%17.1999.5%0.5%100.0%
Romagnolo et al. (2025)R25-E-Conv_ML1.82_MLTpp_RMAX2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)Belczynski et al. (2008) …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretor (Belcz…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard Webbink 1984…No (pessimistic; HG …Vink et al. (2000a,b, 2001) ho…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa et al. (1993) / Kroupa …Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); a: 2–…Flat in q = M2/M1 (StarTrack d…0.5 (StarTrack defau…Z = 0.0002 to 0.02; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (StarTrack defau…265 (StarTrack …38.8894.7%1.4%3.8%0.1%99.9%12.421.8%2.5%100.0%15.8099.7%0.3%100.0%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-ECSN:Full-SN:delayed2652651.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…69.6344.6%55.4%5.8149.6%50.4%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-ESCN:Full-SN:N202652651.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionN20 (Sukhbold et al. 2016)specific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…203.4920.4%79.6%69.354.3%95.7%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-ESCN:Full-SN:rapid2652651.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…115.2429.2%70.8%10.7129.1%70.9%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-SN:N20265201.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionN20 (Sukhbold et al. 2016)specific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…202.5119.6%80.4%77.243.0%97.0%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-SN:delayed265201.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…70.4044.4%55.6%5.6554.2%45.8%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-SN:rapid265201.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…114.1828.9%71.1%10.1428.2%71.8%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-noBH-kick-SN:delayed0201.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…193.6713.6%86.4%32.677.6%92.4%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-noBHkick-SN:N200201.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionN20 (Sukhbold et al. 2016)specific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…202.5119.6%80.4%77.243.0%97.0%
Román-Garza et al. (2022)RG21-noBHkick-SN:rapid0201.00thermalpessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)zeta prescriptionF12 rapidspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE=1.0; pessimistic CE (HG do…No (pessimistic)Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: N20 eng…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2×10⁻² (multiple m…IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (POSYDON default…20 (low kick fo…160.7919.5%80.5%16.5411.4%88.6%
Sgalletta et al. (2025)Sgalletta_alpha_0_526570.50non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)qcrit prescription (Neijs…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE; SE…No (pessimistic; SEV…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 1.7×10⁻² (PARSEC…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (SEVN / Giacobbo…Scaled by eject…255.6078.2%1.4%12.5%7.8%92.2%
Sgalletta et al. (2025)Sgalletta_alpha_126571.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)qcrit prescription (Neijs…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE; SE…No (pessimistic; SEV…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 1.7×10⁻² (PARSEC…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (SEVN / Giacobbo…Scaled by eject…296.4077.6%0.5%15.2%6.7%93.3%
Sgalletta et al. (2025)Sgalletta_alpha_326573.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)qcrit prescription (Neijs…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE; SE…No (pessimistic; SEV…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 1.7×10⁻² (PARSEC…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (SEVN / Giacobbo…Scaled by eject…203.3078.7%0.6%10.8%9.8%90.2%
Sgalletta et al. (2025)Sgalletta_alpha_526575.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)qcrit prescription (Neijs…F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…specific AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies; pessimistic CE; SE…No (pessimistic; SEV…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 4×10⁻⁴ to 1.7×10⁻² (PARSEC…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (SEVN / Giacobbo…Scaled by eject…144.0076.4%9.7%13.9%86.1%
Shao & Li (2021)ShaoLi_delayed2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescription (BSE / …F12 delayedspecific AM of accre…isotropic re-emission (Soberma…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard CE energy fo…No (pessimistic; BSE…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: Fryer e…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); BSE d…Flat in q = M2/M1 (BSE / Hurle…0.5 (BSE default)Z = 0.0001 to 0.03; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (BSE default)265 (BSE applie…47.2078.0%22.0%10.2041.0%59.0%
Shao & Li (2021)ShaoLi_rapid2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescription (BSE / …F12 rapidspecific AM of accre…isotropic re-emission (Soberma…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard CE energy fo…No (pessimistic; BSE…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: Fryer e…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); BSE d…Flat in q = M2/M1 (BSE / Hurle…0.5 (BSE default)Z = 0.0001 to 0.03; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (BSE default)265 (BSE applie…42.6070.0%30.0%17.4028.0%72.0%
Shao & Li (2021)ShaoLi_stochastic2652651.000.50pessimisticstandardvariable (Claeys et al. 2…Farmer et al. (2019)zeta prescription (BSE / …MM SN (stochastic, Mandel & Mü…specific AM of accre…isotropic re-emission (Soberma…TRUE1αCE=1.0; standard CE energy fo…No (pessimistic; BSE…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Hurley et al. (2002) BSE …Varies per model: Fryer e…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Flat-in-log (Öpik 1924); BSE d…Flat in q = M2/M1 (BSE / Hurle…0.5 (BSE default)Z = 0.0001 to 0.03; multiple m…Madau & Dickinson (2014) S…2.5 (BSE default)265 (BSE applie…76.1030.0%70.0%71.7014.0%86.0%
Xing et al. (2024)Xing24_alpha_2265302.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)POSYDON detailed MT stabi…delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; POS…POSYDON v2: MESA-computed stel…POSYDON v2 MESA grids inc…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2 Z☉; POSYDON v2 c…IllustrisTNG cosmological simu…2.5 (POSYDON v2 defa…30 (low-kick ch…162.0014.0%86.0%
Xing et al. (2024)Xing24_fiducial265301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)POSYDON detailed MT stabi…delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; POS…POSYDON v2: MESA-computed stel…POSYDON v2 MESA grids inc…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2 Z☉; POSYDON v2 c…IllustrisTNG cosmological simu…2.5 (POSYDON v2 defa…30 (low-kick ch…72.0030.0%70.0%
Xing et al. (2024)Xing24_sigma_150150301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)POSYDON detailed MT stabi…delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; POS…POSYDON v2: MESA-computed stel…POSYDON v2 MESA grids inc…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2 Z☉; POSYDON v2 c…IllustrisTNG cosmological simu…2.5 (POSYDON v2 defa…30 (low-kick ch…193.0025.0%75.0%
Xing et al. (2024)Xing24_sigma_61_662301.00non-conservative (Eddington-limited onto BH)pessimisticstandardNanjingFarmer et al. (2019)POSYDON detailed MT stabi…delayedspecific AM of accre…Hurley (2002) AM of accretorTRUE1αCE varies per model; pessimis…No (pessimistic; POS…POSYDON v2: MESA-computed stel…POSYDON v2 MESA grids inc…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Sana et al. (2012) period dist…Uniform in q = M2/M1 (Sana et …0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Z = 10⁻⁴ to 2 Z☉; POSYDON v2 c…IllustrisTNG cosmological simu…2.5 (POSYDON v2 defa…30 (low-kick ch…408.003.0%97.0%
van Son et al. (2022)van Son (2022)265301.00during stable MT onto a stellar companion, accretion limited to $10\times$ the thermal rate of the accretorpessimisticstandard``Nanjing'' prescription …Farmer et al.~(2019); PPI…zeta prescriptionF12 delayednon-conservative MT …non-conservative MT mass lost …True1αCE=1.0; σ=265 inferred from H…No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same Maxwel…73.0037.0%63.0%
van Son et al. (2023)van Son (2023)265301.00during stable MT onto a stellar companion, accretion limited to $10\times$ the thermal rate of the accretorpessimisticstandard``Nanjing'' prescription …Farmer et al.~(2019); PPI…zeta prescription: $\zeta…F12 delayednon-conservative MT …non-conservative MT mass lost …True1αCE=1.0; ζ stability (ζ_ad=2 M…No (pessimistic; Dom…Vink et al. (2000a,b) hot star…Included via COMPAS/BSE f…Fryer et al. (2012) delay…Kroupa (2001) broken power-law…Öpik (1924) flat-in-log; 0.01–…Uniform in q = M2/M1; q ∈ [0.0…0.7 (Sana et al. 201…Flat-in-log; 10⁻⁴ ≤ Z ≤ 0.03; …IllustrisTNG100 cosmological s…2.5 (COMPAS default)30 (same as σ_s…58.9029.0%71.0%

Interactive Figures

Interactive versions of Figures 3–5 and 9–13 from Broekgaarden et al. (2026). Each figure is fully interactive: hover over any bar or point to see the paper name and all formation-channel fractions, click legend entries to show/hide channels, and zoom or pan with the Plotly toolbar. Figures 3–5 offer a Simple view (CE vs. no-CE) and a Detailed view (individual channels); use the toggle to switch.

Figure 2 — Formation-channel summary: all BBH, BHNS, and BNS models

Each point is one population-synthesis model. The three horizontal lanes correspond to BBH (top), BHNS (middle), and BNS (bottom). The x-axis shows the fraction of mergers forming via the selected pathway; the mirrored top axis shows the complementary fraction. Hover over any point to see the paper, model name, merger rate, and all three simple formation-channel fractions (without CE, with CE, not specified). Toggle between the two x-axis orientations below.

x-axis:

Figure 3 — BBH: formation-channel fractions and merger rates, by model

Formation-channel breakdown for all compiled BBH population-synthesis models, sorted by the fraction forming without a common-envelope (CE) phase (ascending). Simple view shows the broad CE / no-CE / unspecified split. Detailed view resolves individual sub-channels (classic SMT, CHE, classic CE, SCCE, DCCE, …) and is restricted to models that report detailed channel fractions. The right panel shows the total local intrinsic merger rate; the grey band marks the GWTC-5 observed range.

View:

Figure 4 — BHNS: formation-channel fractions and merger rates, by model

Same as Figure 3 for BH–NS mergers.

View:

Figure 5 — BNS: formation-channel fractions and merger rates, by model

Same as Figure 3 for NS–NS mergers.

View:

Figure 9 — BBH: intrinsic merger rate vs. formation-channel fraction, by study

Fraction of BBH mergers forming without a CE phase as a function of the total local intrinsic BBH merger rate Rm for all compiled population-synthesis simulations. Each point represents one model; colors distinguish studies. Lines connect models within the same study that vary a single parameter, illustrating the parameter sensitivity within each framework.

Figure 10 — BHNS: intrinsic merger rate vs. formation-channel fraction, by study

Same as Figure 9 for BH–NS mergers.

Figure 12 — BBH: without-CE fraction as a function of model parameters

Dependence of the fraction of BBH mergers forming without a CE phase on commonly varied binary-evolution parameters (mass-transfer stability criterion qc, CE efficiency αCE, mass-transfer efficiency β, natal kick dispersion σ, and remnant-mass prescription). Each panel shows controlled single-parameter variations within a given study. Points are individual models; horizontal lines span the range of variation within each parameter family.

Figure 13 — BHNS: without-CE fraction as a function of model parameters

Same as Figure 12 for BH–NS mergers.

Figure 15 — Formation efficiency by channel: Iorio, Broekgaarden, van Son, Neijssel (4 × 6)

Formation-channel fraction as a function of metallicity log₁₀(Z) for all three DCO types (BBH, BHNS, BNS) and all four population-synthesis studies. Columns 1–3 show the fraction forming with CE; columns 4–6 show the fraction forming without CE. Hover over any line to highlight it and read its model label (e.g. "Iorio | model F | α=1.0" or "Broekgaarden | model A"). All other lines fade so the selected one stands out.